隨著“工業(yè)4.0”和“中國(guó)制造2025”的提出，智能制造的概念被日益熱炒，如果說(shuō)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變了人們的消費(fèi)模式，那么智能制造將徹底改變生產(chǎn)模式，重構(gòu)整個(gè)價(jià)值鏈的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。但是如何正確理解智能制造呢？本篇文章王博士從不同角度對(duì)智能制造進(jìn)行闡述，讓大家對(duì)智能制造體系有個(gè)準(zhǔn)確、全面的認(rèn)知。
China is vigorously promoting the "made in China 2025" national strategy, and many enterprises have listed "intelligent manufacturing" as their strategic vision and goal. As is known to all, intelligent manufacturing is the future new manufacturing mode, as the change of market demand unceasingly rich connotation and denotation, is integrated with technology innovation, model innovation and organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing, lean production and agile
當(dāng)前我國(guó)正在大力推進(jìn)“中國(guó)制造2025”國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略，很多企業(yè)將“智能制造”列為其戰(zhàn)略愿景和奮斗目標(biāo)。眾所周知，智能制造是未來(lái)全新的制造模式，隨著市場(chǎng)需求的變化不斷豐富內(nèi)涵與外延，是集成了技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、模式創(chuàng)新和組織方式創(chuàng)新的先進(jìn)制造系統(tǒng)，同時(shí)也是集成制造、精益生產(chǎn)、敏捷制造、虛擬制造、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制造等多種先進(jìn)制造系統(tǒng)和模式的結(jié)合體。
At present, China is vigorously promoting the "made in China 2025" national strategy, and many enterprises have listed "intelligent manufacturing" as their strategic vision and goal. As is known to all, intelligent manufacturing is the future new manufacturing mode, as the change of market demand unceasingly rich connotation and denotation, is integrated with technology innovation, model innovation and organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing, lean production and agile manufacturing, virtual manufacturing, network manufacturing, and other advanced manufacturing system and the combination mode.
在企業(yè)兩化融合咨詢(xún)服務(wù)過(guò)程中，客戶(hù)無(wú)一例外把最終的目標(biāo)設(shè)定為實(shí)現(xiàn)智能制造，但不同的企業(yè)，其信息化發(fā)展水平不同，容易出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)極端的傾向：
organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing, lean production and agile manufacturing, virtual manufacturing, network manufacturing, and other advanced manufacturing system and the combination mode.
1、認(rèn)為智能制造無(wú)所不能，迫切希望引入一套全新的“智能制造”系統(tǒng)來(lái)解決自己面臨的所有問(wèn)題；
2、認(rèn)為當(dāng)前智能制造的概念大于本質(zhì)，說(shuō)到底與當(dāng)前的數(shù)字化企業(yè)差別不大，升級(jí)并用好當(dāng)前的ERP、MES等軟件就實(shí)現(xiàn)了智能制造。
顯然，這兩種傾向的產(chǎn)生都是對(duì)智能制造體系的理解不全面、不準(zhǔn)確導(dǎo)致的。智能制造是一種制造范式，有多個(gè)不同的維度，不同的維度會(huì)給出不同的理解。
organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing, lean production and agile manufacturing, virtual manufacturing, network manufacturing, and other advanced manufacturing system and the combination mode.
工信部和國(guó)標(biāo)委聯(lián)合在2015年12月30日發(fā)布《國(guó)家智能制造標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系建設(shè)指南》，包含了我國(guó)的智能制造系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)，從生命周期、系統(tǒng)層級(jí)和智能功能三個(gè)維度構(gòu)建。由于是從專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)角度來(lái)描述，廣大客戶(hù)并不能完全理解。因此，本文希望從不同角度來(lái)對(duì)智能制造進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的闡述，希望能夠拋磚引玉。
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一、從生產(chǎn)資料加工的角度來(lái)理解
傳統(tǒng)的制造是對(duì)物質(zhì)資料的處理與加工，將原材料轉(zhuǎn)化為產(chǎn)品。所有的傳統(tǒng)制造過(guò)程是在現(xiàn)實(shí)的“物理”環(huán)境中，融合人們的相關(guān)“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)，全部過(guò)程是看得見(jiàn)的。
智能制造需要在兩個(gè)空間中進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)：一是基于模型與知識(shí)與虛擬過(guò)程的制造，包括仿真、模擬；二是現(xiàn)實(shí)世界的加工生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，加工生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中融入在虛擬世界形成的“知識(shí)”。虛擬制造對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)制造進(jìn)行不斷的干預(yù)、優(yōu)化和控制。
As is known to all, intelligent manufacturing is the future new manufacturing mode, as the change of market demand unceasingly rich connotation and denotation, is integrated with technology innovation, model innovation and organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing
二、從產(chǎn)品的生命周期來(lái)理解
傳統(tǒng)制造過(guò)程中，生產(chǎn)出產(chǎn)品后通過(guò)分銷(xiāo)渠道提供給客戶(hù)，并只承諾客戶(hù)提供有限時(shí)間的質(zhì)量擔(dān)保（如售后服務(wù)的時(shí)間限制，而企業(yè)的真實(shí)想法也是盡可能少地給客戶(hù)提供售后服務(wù)，因?yàn)楫a(chǎn)品價(jià)值已定的情況下相關(guān)服務(wù)會(huì)擴(kuò)大成本支出）。
As is known to all, intelligent manufacturing is the future new manufacturing mode, as the change of market demand unceasingly rich connotation and denotation, is integrated with technology innovation, model innovation and organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing
反之，智能制造提供的產(chǎn)品+服務(wù)，通過(guò)不同的服務(wù)創(chuàng)新滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)個(gè)性化的需求，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是客戶(hù)體驗(yàn)。智能制造希望在產(chǎn)品全生命周期能夠與客戶(hù)建立粘性，不斷提供客戶(hù)與產(chǎn)品生命周期一致的創(chuàng)新服務(wù)。從產(chǎn)品一生來(lái)看，首次的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格可能占到收入的50%以下。
As is known to all, intelligent manufacturing is the future new manufacturing mode, as the change of market demand unceasingly rich connotation and denotation, is integrated with technology innovation, model innovation and organization innovation of the advanced manufacturing system, is also the integrated manufacturing
三、從管理重點(diǎn)的角度來(lái)理解
傳統(tǒng)大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)模式下，制造過(guò)程是成本中心，通過(guò)高效率和精細(xì)化的制造過(guò)程管理，其目的是滿(mǎn)足質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最低要求下的成本最低。在市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，產(chǎn)品價(jià)格（傳統(tǒng)制造中產(chǎn)品同質(zhì)化非常嚴(yán)重）是最為重要的因素。
反之，智能制造環(huán)境下，制造環(huán)境是直接面向利潤(rùn)和價(jià)值創(chuàng)造的。制造過(guò)程的設(shè)計(jì)中，客戶(hù)的深度參與、個(gè)性化定制、按訂單生產(chǎn)等模式，目的是不斷的新價(jià)值創(chuàng)造（在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，雖然產(chǎn)品有差異，但總體來(lái)說(shuō)直接成本相差并不大，但產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的組成中，創(chuàng)新服務(wù)占比很大）。
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